Summary of VHF communication applied SMCP!!!

1. Position of the SMCP in maritime practice

The Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) has been compiled:

- to assist in the greater safety of navigation and of the conduct of the ship,

- to standardize the language used in communication for navigation at sea, in port-approaches, in waterways, harbours and on board vessels with multilingual crews, and

- to assist maritime training institutions in meeting the objectives mentioned above.

 

2. Basic communicative features

The SMCP builds on a basic knowledge of the English language. It was drafted on purpose in a simplified version of Maritime English to reduce grammatical, lexical and idiomatic varieties to a tolerable minimum, using standardized structures for the sake of its function aspects, i.e.diminishing misunderstanding in safety related verbal communications, thereby endeavouring to reflect present Maritime English language usage on board vessels and in ship-to-shore/ship-to ship communications.

 

This means, in phrases offered for use in emergency and other situations developing under considerable pressure of time or psychological stress as wells as in navigational warnings, a block language was applied which sparingly uses, or frequently omits, the function words the,a/an, is/are as done in seafaring practice. Users, however, may be flexible in this respect.

 

Further communicative features may be summarized as follows:

- avoiding synonyms

- avoiding contracted forms

- providing fully worded answers to "yes/no"-questions and basic alternative answers to sentence questions

- providing one phrase for one event, and

- structuring the corresponding phrases after the principle: identical invariable plus variable.

 

 

3. Typographical conventions

( )  brackets indicate that the part of the message enclosed within the brackets may be added where relevant;

/     oblique strokes indicate that the items on either side of the stroke are alternatives;

...    dots indicate that the relevant information is to be filled in where the dots occur; (italic letters) indicate the kind of information requested;

~ tildes stand for the invariable part of an aforementioned standard phrase which is followed by a variable addendum.

 

4. Procedure

When it is necessary to indicate that the SMCP are to be used, the following message may be sent:

"Please use Standard Marine Communication Phrases."

"I will use Standard Marine Communication Phrases."

 

5. Message Markers

In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication or radio communication in general, the following eight Message Markers may be used.

(i) Instruction

(ii) Advice

(iii) Warning

(iv) Information

(v) Question

(vi) Answer

(vii) Request

(viii) Intention

 

6. Spelling

6.1 Spelling of letters

When spelling is necessary, only the following spelling table should be used:

6.2 Spelling of digits and numbers

A few digits and numbers have a modified pronunciation compared to general English:

7. Responses

- When the answer to a question is in the affirmative, say:

"Yes, .... " - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.

- When the answer to a question is in the negative, say:

"No, ..." - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.

- When the information requested is not immediately available, say:

"Stand by" - followed by the time interval within which the information will be available.

- When the information requested cannot be obtained, say:

"No information."

- When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS-Station, Naval vessel or other fully authorized personnel ) or an ADVICE is given, respond if in the affirmative:

"I will/can ... " - followed by the instruction or advice in full; and, if in the negative, respond:

"I will not/cannot ... " - followed by the instruction or advice in full.

Example: "ADVICE. Do not overtake the vessel North of you."

Respond: "I will not overtake the vessel North of me."

- Responses to orders and answers to questions of special importance both in external and onboard communication are given in wording in the phrases concerned.

 

8. Distress, urgency and safety signals

- MAYDAY to be used to announce a distress message

- PAN - PAN to be used to announce an urgency message

- SÈCURITÈ to be used to announce a safety message

 

9. Standard organizational phrases

- "How do you read (me)?"

- "I read you ...

bad/one with signal strength one (i.e. barely perceptible)

poor/two with signal strength two (i.e. weak)

fair/three with signal strength three (i.e. fairly good)

good/four with signal strength four (i.e. good)

excellent/five with signal strength five (i.e. very good)

 

10. Corrections

When a mistake is made in a message, say:

"Mistake ..." - followed by the word:

"Correction ... " plus the corrected part of the message.

Example: "My present speed is 14 knots - mistake.

Correction, my present speed is 12, one-two, knots."

 

11. Readiness

"I am / I am not ready to receive your message".

 

12. Repetition

- If any part of the message are considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say:

"Repeat ... " - followed by the corresponding part of the message.

Example: "My draft is 12.6 repeat one-two decimal 6 metres."

"Do not overtake - repeat - do not overtake."

- When a message is not properly heard, say:

"Say again (please)."

 

13.1 Numbers

Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits:

"One-five-zero" for 150

"Two decimal five" or Two point five” for 2.5

Note: Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given, say:

"Fifteen" for 15 or

"Twenty" for 20 etc.

 

13.2 Positions

- When latitude and longitude are used, these shall be expressed in degrees and minutes (and decimals of a minute if necessary), North or South of the Equator and East or West of Greenwich.

Example: " Dangerous wreck in position 15 degrees 34 minutes North 061 degrees 29 minutes West."

- When the position is related to a mark, the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position FROM the mark.

Example: "Your position bearing 137 degrees from Big Head lighthouse distance 2.4 nautical miles."

 

13.3 Bearings

The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned, is the bearing in the 360 degree notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the case of relative bearings. Bearings may be either FROM the mark or FROM the vessel.

Examples: "Pilot boat is bearing 215 degrees from you."

             Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessel's head. More frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow.

Example: "Buoy 030 degrees on your port bow."

(Relative D/F bearings are more commonly expressed in the 360 degree notation.)

 

13.4 Courses

Always to be expressed in 360 degree notation from north (true north unless otherwise

stated). Whether this is to TO or FROM a mark can be stated.

 

13.5 Distances

Preferably to be expressed in nautical miles or cables (tenths of a mile) otherwise in

kilometres or metres, the unit always to be stated.

 

13.6 Speed

To be expressed in knots:

Without further notation meaning speed through the water; or, "ground speed" meaning speed over the ground.

  

13.7 Times

Times should be expressed in the 24 hour UTC notation; if local time will be used in ports or harbours it should clearly be stated.

13.8 Geographical names

Place names used should be those on the chart or in Sailing Directions in use. Should these not be understood, latitude and longitude should be given.

 

13.9 Ambiguous words

Some words in English have meanings depending on the context in which they appear. Misunderstandings frequently occur, especially in VTS communications, and have produced accidents. Such words are: The Conditionals "May", "Might", "Should" and "Could".

May

Do not say: "May I enter the fairway?"

Say: "QUESTION. Do I have permission to enter the fairway?"

Do not say: "You may enter the fairway."

Say: "ANSWER. You have permission to enter the fairway."

Might

Do not say: "I might enter the fairway."

Say: "INTENTION. I will enter the fairway."

Should

Do not say: "You should anchor in anchorage B 3."

Say: "ADVICE. Anchor in anchorage B 3."

Could

Do not say: "You could be running into danger."

Say: "WARNING. You are running into danger."

 

14.External communication pharases

Attention: The use of Standard Phrases in vessels' external communication does not in any way

exempt from applying the radiotelephone procedures as set out in the ITU - Radio Regulations.

 

14.1 Distress traffic

The distress traffic controlling station/other stations may impose radio silence on any interfering stations by using the term:

“Seelonce Mayday / Distress” unless the latter have messages about the distress.

 

14.2 Distress communications

Note: A distress traffic has always to commence with stating the position of the vessel in distress as specified in Positions / Bearings  if it is not included in the DSC distress alert.

 

14.3Standard GMDSS Messages

For further details see: ITU MANUAL for use by the Maritime Mobile and Maritime Mobile-Satellite Services, Geneva.

 

14.4 Standard Distress Message

Upon receipt of a DSC Distress Alert acknowledgement the vessel in distress should commence the distress traffic on one of the international distress traffic frequencies for telephony (VHF Channel 16 or 2182 kHz) as follows:

 

*** MAYDAY(repeated three times) THIS IS

- the 9-digit (MMSI) plus name / call sign or other identification of the vessel calling

- the position of the vessel

- the nature of distress

- the assistance required

- any other information which might facilitate rescue.

 

*** Example

- MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY

-THIS IS MOTOR VESSEL (SUNNY SPRUCE) 3 times

- CALL SIGN (D S F P 2) 3 times

- MMSI NUMBER  FOUR-FOUR-ONE   ONE-ONE-ZERO   SEVEN-ZERO-ZERO ZERO

- I AM IN DISTRESS DUE TO (FIRE/ COLLISION/ GRONDING/ FLODDING / ETC) AT POSITION  LATITUDE THREE FIVE DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH LONGITUDE ONE THREE SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST

- AT ONE FIVE ZERO ZERO UTC. I REQUIRE IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE

-TOTAL 18 CREWS ONBOARD, WEATHER MODERATE. OVER

 

14.5 Standard Urgency Message

After the transmission of a DSC Urgency Call switch the transmitter to VHF Channel 16 or frequency 2182 kHz (if not automatically controlled) and commence the urgency traffic as follows:

-PAN-PAN (repeated three times)

-ALL STATIONS (repeated three times) THIS IS

- the 9-digit MMSI of the vessel plus name / call sign or other identification

- the position of the vessel

- the text of the urgency message.

 Example

-PAN-PAN   PAN-PAN   PAN-PAN

-ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS

- THIS IS MOTOR VESSEL (SUNNY SPRUCE) 3 times

- CALL SIGN (D S F P 2) 3 times

- MMSI NUMBER FOUR-FOUR-ONE   ONE-ONE-ZERO   SEVEN-ZERO-ZERO ZERO

- I AM NOT UNDER COMMAND DUE TO  PROBLEMS WITH ENGINES AT POSITION  LATITUDE THREE FIVE DEGREES ONE ONE DECIMAL EIGHT MINUTES NORTH LONGITUDE ONE THREE SEVEN DEGREES FOUR FOUR MINUTES EAST

- AT ONE FIVE ZERO ZERO UTC.

- I REQUIRE TUG ASSISTANCE OVER

 

14.6 Standard Safety Message

After the transmission of a DSC Safety Call switch the transmitter to VHF Channel 16 or frequency 2182 kHz (if not automatically controlled) and transmit the safety message as follows:

-SECURITE (repeated three times)

-ALL STATIONS (or all ships in a specific geographical area, or to a specific station)

(repeated three times) THIS IS

- the 9-digit MMSI of the vessel plus name / call sign or other identification

- the text of the safety message.

Example

-SECURITE SECURITE SECURITE

-ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS ALL SHIPS IN AREA OF NOTO HANTO

- THIS IS MOTOR VESSEL (SUNNY SPRUCE) 3 times

- CALL SIGN (D S F P 2) 3 times

- MMSI NUMBER FOUR-FOUR-ONE   ONE-ONE-ZERO   SEVEN-ZERO-ZERO ZERO

- DANGEROUS WRECK  IN POSITION TWO NAUTICAL MILES NORTH OF WAJIMA L/H

 

15. Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) Standard Phrases

In order to especially facilitate shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication or when one of the

Standard Marine Communication Phrases will not fit the meaning desired, one of the following eight message markers may be used to increase the probability of the purpose of the message being properly understood.

 

It is at the discretion of the shore personnel or the ship´s officer whether to use one of the message markers and if so which of them to apply depending on the user`s qualified assessment of the situation. If used the message marker is to be spoken preceding the message or the corresponding part of the message.

 

The IMO VTS Guidelines recommend that in any message directed to a vessel it should be clear whether the message contains information, advice, warning, or instruction and IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases should be used where practicable.

 

For further standardized VTS communications. For VTS Standard Reporting Procedures including guidelines for reporting incidents involving dangerous goods, harmful substances and / or marine pollutants". Note: All of the following phrases must come as the culmination (message content) of a radio message exchange between stations covered by the ITU Radio Regulations, and the relevant calling procedures have to be observed.

 

15.1 INSTRUCTION      

This indicates that the following message implies the intention of the sender to influence others by a Regulation. Comment: This means that the sender, e.g. a VTS - Station or a naval vessel, must have the full authority to send such a message. The recipient has to follow this legally binding message unless s/he has contradictory safety reasons which then have to be reported to the sender.

Example: "INSTRUCTION. Do not cross the fairway.”

15.2 ADVICE

This indicates that the following message implies the intention of the sender to influence others

by a Recommendation. Comment: The decision whether to follow the ADVICE still stays with the recipient. ADVICE does not necessarily have to be followed but should be considered very carefully.

Example: "ADVICE. (Advise you) stand by on VHF Channel six nine."

 

15.3 WARNING

This indicates that the following message implies the intention of the sender to inform others about danger. Comment: This means that any recipient of a WARNING should pay immediate attention to the danger mentioned. Consequences of a WARNING will be up to the recipient.

Example: "WARNING. Obstruction in the fairway."

 

15.4 INFORMATION

This indicates that the following message is restricted to observed facts, situations, etc..

Comment: This marker is preferably used for navigational and traffic information, etc..

Consequences of INFORMATION will be up to the recipient.

Example: "INFORMATION. MV Noname will overtake to the West of you ."

 

 15.5 QUESTION

This indicates that the following message is of interrogative character. Comment: The use of this marker removes any doubt on whether a question is being asked or statement being made, especially when interrogatives such as What, Where, Why, Who, How are additionally used at the beginning of the question. The recipient is expected to return an answer.

Example: "QUESTION.( What is ) your present maximum draft?"

 

15.6 ANSWER

This indicates that the following message is the reply to a previous question. Comment: Note that an answer should not contain another question.

Example: "ANSWER. My present maximum draft is zero seven metres."

 

15.7 REQUEST

This indicates that the following message is asking for action from others with respect to the vessel. Comment: The use of this marker is to signal: I want something to be arranged or provided, e.g. ship´s stores requirements, tugs, permission, etc.. Note: REQUEST must not be used involving navigation, or to modify COLREGS.

Example: "REQUEST. I require two tugs."

 

15.8 INTENTION

This indicates that the following message informs others about immediate navigational action intended to be taken. Comment: The use of this message marker is logically restricted to messages announcing navigational actions by the vessel sending this message.

Example: "INTENTION. I will reduce my speed."

 

16 Acquiring and providing routine traffic data

• What is the name of your vessel and call sign / identification?
• The name of my vessel is ... , call sign ... / identification ... .
• Spell the name of your vessel.
• What is your flag state?
• My flag state is ... .
• What is your position?
• My position is ... .
• What is your present course and speed?
• My present course is ... degrees, my speed is ... knots.
• From what direction are you approaching?
• I am approaching from ... .
• What is your port of destination / destination?
• My port of destination / destination is ... .
• What was your last port of call?
• My last port of call was ... .
• What is your ETA in position ... ?
• My ETA is ... UTC.
• What is your ETD from ... ?
• My ETD from ... is ... UTC.
• What is your draft forward / aft?
• My draft forward / aft is ... metres.
• What is your present maximum draft ?
• My present maximum draft is ... metres.
• What is your freeboard?
• My freeboard is ... metres.
• What is your air draft?
• My air draft is ... metres.
• Are you underway?
• Yes, I am underway.
• No, I am not underway.
• I am ready to get underway.
• What is your full speed / full manoeuvring speed?
• My full speed / full manoeuvring speed is ... knots.
• What is your cargo?
• My cargo is ... .
• Do you carry any dangerous goods?
• Yes, I carry the following dangerous goods: ... kilogrammes / tonnes IMO Class ... .
• No, I do not carry any dangerous goods.
• Do you have any deficiencies / restrictions?
• No, I have no deficiencies / restrictions.
• Yes, I have the following deficiencies / restrictions: ... .
• I am / MV ... is constrained by draft.
• The maximum permitted draft is ... metres.
• Do you have any list?
• Yes, I have a list to port / starboard of ... degrees.
• No, I have no list.
• Are you on even keel?
• Yes, I am on even keel.
• No, I am trimmed by the head / stern.

 17. Requesting medical assistance

• I require / MV ... requires medical assistance.
• What kind of assistance is required?
• I require / MV ... requires
• ~ boat for hospital transfer.
• ~ radio medical advice.
• ~ helicopter with doctor (to pick up person(s)).
• I / MV ... will
• ~ send boat.
• ~ send helicopter with doctor
• ~ arrange for radio medical advice on VHF Channel ... / frequency ... .
• Boat / helicopter ETA at ... UTC / within ... hours.
• Do you have doctor on board?
• Yes, I have doctor on board.
• No, I have no doctor on board.
• Can you make rendezvous in position ... ?
• Yes, I can make rendezvous in position at ... UTC / within ... hours.
• No, I cannot make rendezvous.
•  / MV ... will send boat / helicopter to transfer doctor.
• Transfer person(s) to my vessel / to MV ... by boat / helicopter.
• Transfer of person(s) not possible.

 

18 Urgency traffic

Safety of a vessel (other than distress). Note: An urgency traffic has always to commence with stating the position of the calling vessel if it is not included in the DSC alert.

 

19 Technical failure

• I am / MV ... not under command.
• What problems do you have / does MV ... have?
• I have / MV ... has problems with engine(s) / steering gear / propeller / ... .
• I am / MV ...is manoeuvring with difficulty.
• Keep clear of me / MV ... .
• Navigate with caution.
• I require / MV ... requires tug assistance / escort / ... .
• I try / MV ... tries to proceed without assistance.
• Stand by on VHF Channel ... / frequency ... .
• Standing by on VHF Channel ... / frequency ... .

 

20 Cargo

• I have / MV has ... lost dangerous goods of IMO-Class ... in position ... .
• Containers / barrels / drums / bags / ... with dangerous goods
• of IMO-Class ... adrift near position ... .
• I am / MV ... is spilling
• ~ dangerous goods of IMO-Class ... in position ...
• ~ crude oil / ... in position ... .
• I require / MV… requires oil clearance assistance - danger of pollution.
• I am / MV ... is dangerous source of radiation.

 

21 Restricted visibility

• What is visibility in your position / in position ... ?
• Visibility in my position / in position is ... metres / nautical miles
• Visibility is restricted by mist / fog / snow / dust / rain.
• Visibility is increasing / decreasing / variable.
• Is visibility expected to change in my position / in position ... (within the next hours)?
• No, visibility is not expected to change in your position / in position...
• (- within the next hours).
• Yes, visibility is expected to increase / decrease to ... metres / nautical miles
• in your position / in position ... ( within the next hours).
• Visibility is expected to be variable between ... metres / nautical miles
• in your position / in position ... ( within the next hours).

 

22 Military operations

• Gunnery / rocket firing / missile / torpedo / underwater ordnance exercises in area bounded by ... (positions) from ... (date and time) to... (date and time). Wide berth requested (if requested).
• Mine clearing operations from ...(date time) to ...(date and time) in area bounded by ...(positions).Wide berth requested. Contact via VHF channel ...(number) (if requested).

 

23 Navigational information

• Oil spill in position ... .
• Current meters / hydrographic instruments moored in position ...- wide berth requested.
• Platform ...(name / number) reported / established in position ... - wide berth requested.
• ...( charted name of light / buoy) in position ...
• ~ unlit / unreliable / damaged / destroyed / off station / missing.
• ~ (temporarily) changed to ...(full characteristics).
• ~ (temporarily) removed.
• ~ (temporarily) discontinued.
• ...( charted name of light / buoy) ...(full characteristics)
• ~ established in position ... .
• ~ re-established in position ... .
• ~ moved ... kilometres / nautical miles in ... (direction) to position ... .
• (Note: Only for major fog signal stations.)
• Fog signal ...( charted name of light / buoy) in position ... inoperative.

 

24. Traffic information

• Gunnery / rocket firing / missile / torpedo / underwater ordnance exercises in area bounded
• by ...(positions) and ... from ... (date and time) to ... (date and time). Wide berth requested.
• Cable / pipeline operations by... (vessel) in vicinity ... / along a line joining ...(position) from
• ... (date and time) to... (date and time) - wide berth requested. Contact via VHF Channel ...
• Salvage operations in position ... from ... (date and time) to ... (date and time) - wide berth requested. Contact via VHF Channel ... .
• Seismic / hydrographic operations by ... (vessel)... from ... (date and time) to ...(date and time) in position ... - wide berth requested. Contact via VHF Channel ... .
• Oil clearance operations near MT ... in position ... - wide berth requested.
• Transhipment of ...(kind of cargo) in position ... - wide berth requested.
• Difficult tow from ...(port of departure) to ...(destination) on ...(date) - wide berth requested.
• Vessel not under command in position ... / area ... .
• Hampered vessel in position ... area ... (course ... degrees, speed ... knots).
• Vessel in position ... on course ... and speed ... is not complying with traffic regulations.
• Vessel is crossing ... traffic lane on course ... and speed ... in position ... .
• Small fishing boats in area around ... - navigate with caution.
• Submarines operating in sea area around ... surface vessels are in attendance.

25  Meteorological warnings

• Gale warning / storm warning was issued at ... UTC starting at ... UTC .
• Gale warning / storm warning. Wind at ... UTC in area ... (met. area) from direction
• ... (cardinal points) and force Beaufort ... backing / veering to ... (cardinal points).
• Tropical storm warning was issued at ... UTC starting at ... UTC.
• Tropical storm warning at ... UTC. Hurricane ... (name) / tropical cyclone / tornado /
• willy-willy / typhoon / ... with central pressure of ... millibars/hPascals located in position ... .
• Present movement ... (cardinal points) at ... knots. Winds of ... knots within radius of ... nautical miles of centre. Seas over ... metres. Further information on VHF Channel ... / frequency ... (at ... UTC).

26. Meteorological information

• Position of tropical storm ... (name) ..., path ... (cardinal points), speed of advance ... knots.
• Wind direction ...(cardinal points), force Beaufort ... in position ... .
• Wind is backing / veering and increasing / decreasing.
• Wind is expected to increase / decrease in position ... to force Beaufort ... within the next... hours.
• Visibility in position ...
• ~ ... metres / nautical miles.
• ~ reduced by mist / fog / snow / dust / rain / ... .
• ~ expected to increase / decrease to ... metres / nautical miles within the next ... hours.
• Sea / swell in position ...
• ~ ... metres from ...(cardinal points).
• ~ expected to increase / decrease within the next ... hours.
• Icing is expected / not expected in area ... .

27. Anchoring

• You must anchor
• ~ at ... UTC.
• ~ until the pilot arrives.
• ~ in a different position.
• ~ clear of fairway.
• Do not anchor in position ... .
• Anchoring is prohibited.
• You must heave up anchor.
• You are at anchor in a wrong position.
• Have your crew on stand by for heaving up anchor when the pilot embarks.
• You have permission to anchor (at ... UTC)
• ~ in position ... .
• ~ until the pilot arrives.
• ~ until the tugs arrive.
• ~ until sufficient water.
• You are obstructing the fairway / other traffic.
• Are you dragging / dredging anchor?
• Yes, I am dragging / dredging anchor.
• No, I am not dragging / dredging anchor.
• Do not dredge anchor.

 

28 Arrival, berthing and departure

• Your orders are to berth on ... .
• Your orders are changed to proceed to ... .
• Proceed to ... for orders.
• You have permission to enter / to proceed at ... UTC.
• Vessel is turning / manoeuvring in position ... .
• MV ...
• ~ will turn in position ... .
• ~ will leave ... at ... UTC.
• ~ is leaving ... .
• ~ has left ... .
• ~ entered fairway in position ... .
• Your berth is not clear (until ... UTC)
• Your berth will be clear at ... UTC.
• You will berth / dock at ... UTC .
• Berthing has been delayed by ... hours.
• Be ready to get underway.
• I am ready to get underway
• Get underway.
• Are you underway?
• Yes, I am underway.
• No, I am not underway.
• Move ahead / astern ... metres.
• Your vessel is in position - make fast.

 

29 Avoiding dangerous situations, providing safe movements

• It is dangerous
• ~ to anchor in your present position.
• ~ to remain in your present position.
• ~ to alter course to ... (cardinal points).
• Large vessel is leaving the fairway- keep clear of the fairway approach.
• Nets with buoys / without buoys in this area - navigate with caution.
• Collision in position ... .
• MV ... is aground / on fire / ... in position ... .
• Stand by for assistance.
• Vessels must
• ~ keep clear of this area / area ... .
• ~ avoid this area / area ... .
• ~ navigate with caution.
• Keep clear of ... - search and rescue in progress.
• Your present course is too close
• ~ to ingoing / outgoing vessel.
• ~ to the vessel that you are overtaking.
• ~ to the ... (cardinal points) limit of the fairway.
• Your course is deviating from the radar reference line.
• You are running into danger
• ~ shallow water .... (cardinal points) of you.
• ~ submerged wreck ... (cardinal points) of you.
• ~ fog bank ... (cardinal points) of you.
• ~ risk of collision (with vessel bearing ... degrees, distance ... kilometres / nautical miles).
• ~ bridge is defective.
• You are proceeding at a dangerous speed.
• You must
• ~ proceed by the fairway / route ... .
• ~ keep to the ... (cardinal points) of the fairway line / radar reference line.
• ~ stay clear of the fairway.
• You must wait for MV ... to cross ahead of you.
• You must wait for MV ... to clear ... before
• ~ entering the fairway.
• ~ getting underway.
• ~ leaving the berth.
• Do not
• ~ overtake.
• ~ cross the fairway.
• Alter course to ...(cardinal points) of you.
• Pass ... (cardinal points) of
• ~ ingoing /outgoing / anchored / disabled vessel.
• ~ of ... mark / ... .
• Stop engines.
• MV ...
• ~ wishes to overtake … (cardinal points) of you.
• ~ agrees / does not agree to be overtaken.
• ~ is approaching an obscured area ... - approaching vessels acknowledge.